NgoJuni 2026, iYurophu yayishisa kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu.
Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua News Agency, i-Agence France-Presse ilinganisele ngokusekelwe ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu kanye nedatha yabantu be-EU Joint Research Centre ukuthi ngoJuni 25, okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-101 eYurophu babebhekene namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-35°C, kanti abantu abayizigidi ezingu-50 bathintekile eFrance kuphela. Ngokwezindinganiso ze-World Meteorological Organisation, i-heat wave ichazwa njengokushisa okuphezulu kwansuku zonke okungaphezu kuka-32°C okuhlala izinsuku ezintathu zilandelana noma ngaphezulu.
Imininingwane evela kuMnyango Wezolimo waseFrance ikhombisa ukuthi i-t yaseningizimu yeFrancei-omatoIzifunda ezikhiqizayo zilahlekelwe yi-80%. Umbiko we-GuardianTV uchaze ngokucacile isimo ngokuthi “Utamatisi upheka emvinini”.
Kungani iFrance yayiyizwe elithinteke kakhulu eYurophu? Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile emhlabeni wonke selivele likhuphuke cishe ngo-1.4°C uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga angaphambi kwezimboni, kuyilapho ukufudumala kweYurophu sekufinyelele cishe ku-2.4°C. Ngenxa yendawo yayo kanye namaphethini okujikeleza komoya, iFrance isengozini enkulu yomthelela wemimoya efudumele kakhulu kune-UK neJalimane. Amagagasi okushisa adlulele aseyinto evamile eFrance, afika kusenesikhathi futhi ahlala isikhathi eside unyaka ngamunye. Emuva ngo-2003, igagasi lokushisa eFrance labulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-14,000; ngo-2026, ukushisa akuthathanga nje kuphela ukuphila kwabantu kodwa nezitshalo.
Ukushisa okukhulu eningizimu yeFrance kukhulu kakhulu kunokushoda kwamanzi okuvamile. Amazinga okushisa adlula njalo ku-40°C izinsuku eziningi athinta ngqo izithelo ngokwazo, okuholela ekunciphiseni cishe okungu-30% kwesivuno sommbila, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokufa kwezinkukhu eFrance, kanye nokwehla okungu-30% ekukhiqizweni kobisi ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokushisa ezinkomeni zobisi. Umkhakha wonke wezolimo "ugcwele umkhuhlane".
Lokhu kushisa kwaqala nempikiswano yezepolitiki mayelana nokupholisa umoya eFrance. Amaqembu angakwesokudla abeke umoya opholile njengento ebalulekile yokuziphilisa, kuyilapho izazi zemvelo zigcizelela ukuthi umoya opholile uzokwandisa umphumela wesiqhingi sokushisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinga lokungena kokupholisa umoya eFrance lingaphansi kuka-10%, liphansi kakhulu kunelaseSpain nase-Italy engomakhelwane. Ngesonto elilodwa nje, iCarrefour ithengise okungenani ama-air conditioner nabalandeli bakagesi abangu-30,000, kanti ukuthengiswa kwe-Amazon kwama-air conditioner nabalandeli bakagesi eFrance cishe kwaphindeka kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngesonto eledlule.
Sibuyela embonini katamatisi: inkulu kangakanani imboni yokucubungula utamatisi eFrance? Ngokusho kwezibikezelo zemboni, umkhiqizo katamatisi eFrance ngo-2026 kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele amathani angu-494,900, nendawo yokutshala engamahektha angu-2,736. Ngo-Ephreli, amanani asekhaya ayephezulu ngo-34% kunezinga lika-2025 kanye no-41% ngaphezulu kunesilinganiso sika-2021-2025. Ukunciphisa umkhiqizo sekuvele kubonakala ngqo emananini.
Izinkinga zaseFrance azigcini nje ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Njengezwe elikhulu kwezolimo e-EU, ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi eFrance kuye kwandisa ngqo ingcindezi yokulethwa kwezinye izindawo ezinkulu ezikhiqiza njenge-Italy neSpain. Izingcaphuno ze-ketchup katamatisi emakethe yaseYurophu sezivele zizwakale zicindezelekile ohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa, ngakho-ke ukwenyuka kwentengo yesikhashana kudluliselwa kubathengi bomhlaba wonke.
“I-Heat Dome” kaXinjiang kanye nokungaqiniseki e-Inner Mongolia
Ngenkathi iYurophu ibhekene nenkinga katamatisi, amehlo abadlali bemboni katamatisi emhlabeni wonke aphendukela eMpumalanga ngasikhathi sinye. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 2026, i-Xinjiang Basin eShayina yahlaselwa yisimo sezulu esingavamile "se-heat dome".
Iyini i-heat dome? Ngamagama alula, ibhekisela ohlelweni oluqinile olufudumele olunomfutho ophezulu olwakheka endaweni ephakeme, olusebenza njengesivalo sebhodwe esiqinile esivalwe ngokuphelele esiboshwe enyakatho yeShayina. Lesi “sivalo” sinezici ezimbili ezibulalayo: okokuqala, sibamba ukushisa komhlabathi, sivimbela umoya oshisayo ukuthi ungaphumi uye emkhathini ongaphezulu futhi siwuphoqe ukuthi uqoqeke eduze kobuso; okwesibili, sivimba umoya obandayo ovela ngaphandle, sigcina imimoya epholile ingaphandle nomoya oshisayo uvaleleke ngaphakathi.
Izaziso ezisemthethweni ezivela kwi-Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory zibonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, sonke isifunda saseTurpan sahlala siphakeme ngaphezu kuka-40°C izinsuku eziningi zilandelana, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elilinganisiwe lingu-49°C ngoJulayi 3, kanti ezinye izindawo zasendaweni kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ku-50°C, ziphule isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu isikhathi esifanayo. EHami, eBayangol nakwezinye izifunda, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba lidlule ku-65°C.
Okushaqisa kakhulu ukuthi lesi “sivalo” asimi ndawonye. I-heat dome isakazeka kancane kancane ngasempumalanga. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo esivela ku-China Meteorological Administration ngoJulayi 4, ibhande lokushisa eliphezulu selimboze iGansu nentshonalanga ye-Inner Mongolia, labe selihlasela izifunda zaseNyakatho China naseHuanghuai. Eningizimu yeBeijing, eTianjin, enkabeni naseningizimu yeHebei, enyakatho yeHenan nasentshonalanga yeShandong, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lasemini likhuphuka lifike ku-38°C kuya ku-40°C.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe izitshalo zikatamatisi zaseXinjiang zingasinda kulo nyaka? Sidinga ukuhlaziya lokhu ngezindlela ezimbili: “amaphethini okutshala” kanye “nesimo sezulu sendawo”.
Ukutshala Emasimini Avulekile vs. Ukutshala Emafulethini Aluhlaza
I-100% yamatamatisi okucubungula aseXinjiang atshalwa emasimini avulekile. Izimo ezivulekile nezinomoya opholile zigwema umphumela "wokuthosa ogcwele" ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Izindawo ezithinteke kakhulu eFrance kwakuyizindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingenazo imishini yokulawula imvelo ethuthukisiwe, lapho amazinga okushisa angaphakathi angakhuphuka kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinga langaphandle. Amatamatisi aseXinjiang akhula emasimini avulekile, lapho okungenani umoya ungangena khona.
Ukuqiniseka Kokunisela Ngeqhwa Encibilikayo Entabeni iTianshan
Igazi lokuphila likatamatisi waseXinjiang lisemanzini ancibilika eqhweni avela ezintabeni zaseTianshan. Nakuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu andisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, asheshisa nokuncibilika kweqhwa lasezintabeni, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuzinzile. Kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe obudumile "bokunisela ngamaconsi ngaphansi kwefilimu yepulasitiki + ukuphathwa kwamanzi nomanyolo okuhlanganisiwe" eXinjiang, ukutholakala kwamanzi ohlelweni lwezimpande kusaqinisekiswa ngokunembile.
Umugqa Wokugcina Wokuzivikela: Umehluko Wokushisa Kwansuku Zonke
Ukwenziwa kwe-lycopene kudinga amazinga okushisa afanele asebusuku. Inzuzo eyingqayizivele ye-Xinjiang isesici sayo sezulu esaziwayo: “ukugqoka ijazi lesikhumba ekuseni kanye ne-gauze emini”. Ngisho noma izinga lokushisa lasemini lidlula u-40°C, uma nje izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lehla lize lifinyelele cishe ku-20°C, izitshalo zingathola ithuba lokululama.
Ngo-2025, indawo yokutshala utamatisi ocutshungulwayo eXinjiang yafinyelela ku-520,000 mu, okukhiqizwe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.8. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini lilonke laliphezulu njengo-99%, kanti amazinga okutshala nokuvuna kwemishini ayedlula u-98.5%. I-Xinjiang inamabhizinisi okucubungula angaphezu kuka-70, akha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni oluhlanganisa ukuzala, ukutshala, ukucubungula kanye nokuthengisa. Iphini likamongameli we-Xinjiang Tomato Industry Association lethule ukuthi indawo yokutshala utamatisi ocutshungulwayo kazwelonke kulo nyaka ingu-1.6 million mu, lapho u-1.35 million mu eXinjiang, okwenza okungaphezu kuka-84% wenani lezwe.
ESifundeni saseChangji naseSifundeni saseHeshuo eXinjiang, abalimi babike ukuthi “ukukhula okuphelele kokuqhakaza kwezimbali zikatamatisi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezithelo kulo nyaka kuyalingana”, ngesivuno esilinganiselwa kumathani ayi-9 nge-mu. Abalimi eShawan City bathe futhi izinhlobo ezikhula phakathi nokuvuthwa kulindeleke ukuthi zivunwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngesivuno esingaba ngamathani ayi-9 nge-mu.
Ngokusekelwe emithonjeni eminingi yezindaba, ukushisa kwesikhashana ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kunomthelela omncane kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kukatamatisi okwenziwa eXinjiang. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okushisa aphezulu azosheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, okungaholela esikhathini sokuvuna esigxile kakhulu, okubeka ingcindezi enkulu yansuku zonke yokucubungula izitshalo zokucubungula ezingezansi komfula, okuholela ekulaleni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-10-2026
