EShayinaImboni Katamatisiku-“Dual Circulation”: Ukumasha eNtshonalanga, Ukuqhekeka eNingizimu
Ukuhola: Uma intela ye-US-Mexico ibiyingxubevange yamanzi abandayo ageleza emakethe katamatisi yaseNyakatho Melika, omunye umthelela ongaphansi ubelokhu ukhuphuka emanzini ase-Eurasia abanzi. Ukuhweba ngotamatisi emhlabeni wonke kuyashintsha, futhi iChina isivele njengendawo entsha yokulwa. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kukatamatisi okucutshungulwayo eShayina kudlula ekuguqulweni okukhulu: ukushintsha ukugxila kwabo okuyinhloko kusuka ezimakethe ezingaphansi kwezomnotho ezithuthukile kuya emazweni asebenzisana neBelt and Road (BRI) kanye nezinye izifunda ezisathuthuka, kuveza izindlela ezimbili ezintsha zokukhula.
I-Trajectory One: Ukwanda Kwasentshonalanga eRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, iShayinaukucutshungulwa kukatamatisiImboni ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe ezimakethe ezivuthiwe eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengomhlinzeki we-OEM onenzuzo encane kanye namandla okuxoxisana alinganiselwe. Kodwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukungqubuzana kwezohwebo kanye nesidingo esishintshashintshayo kuye kwashukumisela abathumeli baseShayina ukuba babheke entshonalanga.
Izwe elikhulu elisuka eMpumalanga Yurophu kulo lonke elase-Asia Ephakathi kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika seliyindawo ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu yemikhiqizo katamatisi waseShayina. Ikakhulukazi iRussia, ivele njengemakethe ehamba phambili yokuthumela ngaphandle utamatisi ocutshunguliwe eShayina kusukela ngo-2020, kanti inani lokuthumela ngaphandle lonyaka lidlule amathani angu-800,000, okubalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yemikhiqizo katamatisi yaseShayina ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi njengeKazakhstan ne-Uzbekistan, kanye nezifundazwe zeGulf Cooperation Council (GCC) njenge-United Arab Emirates kanye neSaudi Arabia, nawo abone ukukhula okuphindwe kabili ngonyaka kokungeniswa kwe-tomato paste yaseShayina, i-ketchup kanye notamatisi ogcwele oqoshiwe.
Ukusondelana kwendawo kube yinzuzo ebalulekile: Izisekelo ezinkulu zokucubungula utamatisi eShayina eXinjiang zinciphise isikhathi sokuthumela eNtshonalanga Asia naseYurophu ngaphezu kwesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nemizila yendabuko edlula ePacific, kuyilapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda ye-BRI njengeShayina-Europe Railway Express kuye kwehlisa izindleko zokuthutha ngo-30% ngokwesilinganiso. Isidingo sendawo siyakhula futhi: ukukhula kwabantu eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo katamatisi ecutshungulwe ezinzile eshelufini, kanti imikhiqizo yaseShayina, enikeza ikhwalithi eqhubekayo ngamanani aphansi ngo-15-20% kunabancintisani baseYurophu, isheshe yanqoba abathengi bendawo nabakhiqizi bokudla.
I-Trajectory Yesibili: Ukuthuthuka Okuya ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye Nezomnotho Ezisafufusa
Nakuba ukwanda kwe-entshonalanga kusizakala ngezinzuzo zendawo kanye nengqalasizinda, indlela eya eningizimu eya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neminye iminotho yase-Asia esafufusa iqhutshwa ukushintshashintsha kwezindlela zokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo sabathengi esikhulayo.
Njengoba imikhakha yokucubungula ukudla yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nezindawo zokudlela ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisheshayo ikhula, isidingo sezinto ezifakwayo zikatamatisi ezicutshungulwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngo-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo katamatisi eShayina e-ASEAN kudlule amathani angu-320,000, okukhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingu-18% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kudlula ukukhula kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda. Ngaphandle kweNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezimakethe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeBangladesh neNdiya nakho kukhula ngokushesha, njengoba i-tomato paste yaseShayina iba yinto eyinhloko efakwayo yemikhiqizo yokudla epakishwe endaweni.
Lokhu kushintshela eningizimu nakho kuwumphumela wokujulisa ukuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda. I-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) inciphise noma isuse intela emikhiqizweni eminingi katamatisi ecutshungulwayo ethengiswa phakathi kwamalungu aseShayina nawase-ASEAN, okunikeza abathumeli baseShayina ithuba elikhulu lentengo ngaphezu kwabancintisani abavela eMelika naseYurophu. Izinkampani eziningi zokucubungula utamatisi zaseShayina nazo seziqalile ukwakha izindawo zokupakisha nezokusabalalisa zasendaweni eVietnam, eThailand naseMalaysia, zisondela kubathengi futhi zinciphisa izikhathi zokuphendula ezinguqukweni zemakethe.
Ngemuva Koshintsho: Izinzuzo Zokuncintisana Ezihlala Njalo zaseShayina kuUkukhiqizwa Kukatamatisi
Lokhu kuguqulwa okukhulu kwemephu yokuthumela utamatisi eShayina akuyona nje impendulo ekushintsheni kokuhweba komhlaba wonke—kusekelwe ekunikezelweni kweShayina okungenakuqhathaniswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ekukhiqizweni kukatamatisi.
IShayina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wotamatisi omusha nocutshunguliwe, kanti iXinjiang iyodwa ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-70% womkhiqizo katamatisi ocutshunguliwe waseShayina. Isimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele salesi sifunda—amahora amade okukhanya kwelanga, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku kanye namanzi amaningi okunisela avela ekuncibilikeni kweqhwa—ikhiqiza utamatisi onokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuqinile kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, okulungele ukucutshungulwa ube yi-paste neminye imikhiqizo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkampani zokucubungula zaseShayina nazo zitshale imali eningi emigqeni yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ukuphepha kokudla, ziletha ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke ngenkathi zigcina izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu kunezo zaseminothweni ethuthukile.
Njengoba izimakethe ezithuthukisiwe zendabuko ziya ngokuya zigcwala futhi izinyathelo zokuhweba ezivikelayo zikhuphuka, imboni katamatisi yaseShayina iguqule inselelo yaba yithuba, isebenzisa izinzuzo zayo zezimboni ukuze ithole isidingo esingakahlangatshezwani nezimakethe ezisafufusa. Lokhu kwanda okubili entshonalanga naseningizimu akudalwanga nje kuphela indawo entsha yokukhula kwabakhiqizi baseShayina, kodwa futhi kwakha kabusha ibhalansi yokuhweba ngotamatisi emhlabeni jikelele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yini eyashukumisa ushintsho lokugxila kokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo katamatisi eShayina kusuka emazweni athuthukile kuya emazweni asathuthuka?
A: Izici eziningi zibe nomthelela kulolu shintsho: okokuqala, ukwanda kokuvikela kanye nezithiyo zokuhweba ezimakethe ezithuthukisiwe zendabuko kuye kwanciphisa inzuzo yabathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina; okwesibili, ukukhula okusheshayo kwabantu kanye nomnotho ezindaweni ze-BRI kanye nezindawo ezisathuthuka kudale isidingo esinamandla nesikhulayo semikhiqizo katamatisi ecutshungulwe engabizi; okwesithathu, ukusondela kweShayina ezindaweni ezizungezile kulezi zifunda kuhlanganiswe nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-BRI kunciphise kakhulu izindleko zezokuthutha; ekugcineni, izivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhethekile njenge-RCEP ziye zanciphisa kakhulu izithiyo zokuhweba zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaseShayina.
Umbuzo 2: Iyini isabelo samanje seShayina emakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle utamatisi ocutshunguliwe emhlabeni wonke?
A: I-China njengamanje ikhiqiza cishe u-30% wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kukatamatisi ocutshunguliwe emhlabeni wonke ngobuningi, okwenza kube yizwe elithumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo katamatisi ecutshunguliwe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngemva kokushintshela ezimakethe ezisafufusa, leli sabelo liyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane kancane.
Umbuzo 3: Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo katamatisi ethunyelwa yiChina kulezi zimakethe ezintsha?
A: I-bulk tomato paste isalokhu iyisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke, equkethe cishe u-70% wenani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle, elisetshenziswa njengengeniso eyinhloko yezimboni zokucubungula ukudla zasendaweni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo elungele abathengi okuhlanganisa i-ketchup epakishiwe, utamatisi ophelele ohlutshiwe kanye nososo katamatisi olunongiwe nakho kukhule ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lapho ukuthengiswa okuqondile kuya kubathengi kukhula ngokushesha.
Q4: Ingabe lokhu kwanda ngasentshonalanga naseningizimu kuthinte ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ezimakethe ezithuthukisiwe zendabuko eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika?
A: Nakuba isabelo sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe sezimakethe zendabuko sehle kancane kancane, inani eliphelele lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lihlale lizinzile. I-China isathumela ngaphandle i-bulk tomato paste esezingeni eliphezulu kubakhiqizi bokudla baseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika njengokufaka isandla, futhi ukushintshela ezimakethe ezisafufusa kuvumele imboni ukuthi ikhule iyonke ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuhamba kokuhweba kwendabuko.
Q5: Yiziphi izinselele ezinkulu imboni katamatisi yaseShayina ebhekene nazo ekukhuleni kulezi zimakethe ezintsha?
A: Izinselele ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezahlukene zokuphepha kokudla kanye nokufaka amalebula emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukwakha amanethiwekhi okuqashelwa komkhiqizo wendawo kanye nokusabalalisa, kanye nokuphatha ukushintshaniswa kwemali kanye nengozi yezepolitiki kwamanye amamakethe asafufusa. Izinkampani eziningi zibhekana nalezi zinselele ngokubambisana nabasabalalisi bendawo kanye nokutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yendawo.
Umbuzo 6: Lolu shintsho luyishintsha kanjani ibhalansi yokuhweba ngotamatisi emhlabeni wonke?
A: Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ukuhweba ngotamatisi emhlabeni wonke bekubuswa ukugeleza okuvela eMexico kuya e-US kanye nokusuka eNingizimu Yurophu kuya eNyakatho Yurophu. Ukukhuphuka kweShayina njengomhlinzeki omkhulu ezimakethe ezisafufusa e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Yurophu kuphule leli phethini lokuhweba lendabuko elihlukaniswe ngezifunda, kwakha inethiwekhi yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke ehlukahlukene lapho ukunikezwa kuhambisana nesidingo ngendlela ephumelelayo, okuletha amanani aphansi kubathengi nakubakhiqizi kwezomnotho ezikhula ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-02-2026
