Izingxoxo ngamanani okukhiqiza kanye namanani ka-2026 zisaqhubeka eNyakatho Yenkabazwe, kanti ukuvunwa eNingizimu Yenkabazwe sekusondele ekupheleni. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso zakamuva ezivela kwi-World Processing Tomato Council (WPTC), ukukhiqizwa kwamatamatisi okucubungula emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngaphansi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-40, okwamanje kulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-39.8. Lokhu kumelela ukwehla okuncane kusukela ekukhiqizweni kokugcina kuka-2025 kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-40.3, futhi kuphansi kakhulu kunezinqwaba ezengeziwe ezibhalwe ngo-2023 (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-44.4) kanye no-2024 (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-45.9).
Amazwe Angamalungu e-AMITOM
IBulgaria
Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zamandla nomanyolo (+40%) kanye nokulungiswa okuhleliwe esikhungweni esikhulu kunazo zonke, iBalkan, umthamo wokucubungula ka-2026 kulindeleke ukuthi wehle ngo-50% kuya ku-20,000 metric tons. Isimo sezulu samanje simanzi kancane kodwa ngeke sithinte ukuhlwanyela okuhlelelwe ukuqala ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
IGibhithe
Isibikezelo asikashintshi kuma-metric ton angu-800,000.
IFrance
Ukungaqiniseki kuyaqhubeka njengoba izingxoxo zamanani nokukhiqiza ziqhubeka. Ukukhiqiza kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kufike ku-150,000 metric tons, okungenzeka kuhambisane nokwehla kwe-acreage evamile, kuyilapho i-organic acreage kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule. Indawo yonke etshaliwe izoba ngaphansi kwamahektha angu-2,000.
Imvula eqhubekayo yasebusika ishiye amasimu emanzi futhi isimo sezulu singesihle. Ukutshala kabusha, okwakuhlelelwe ukuthi kuqale kuleli sonto, kungase kubambezeleke kuze kube yisonto elizayo ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinomoya kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo samanje.
IGrisi
Isimo sezulu sihle futhi amasimu alungisiwe. Ukutshala kuqale kuleli sonto ezifundeni eziseningizimu futhi kuzoqala ngesonto elizayo ezindaweni eziphakathi. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu umthelela wempi emananini kagesi nomanyolo, naphezu kokusekelwa okuthile nguhulumeni. Isibikezelo sisalokhu singu-450,000 metric tons.
Amanani amenyezelwe, alinganiselwa ku-€115/mt (alethwa efektri), kanti kunezinhlobo ezithile.
IHungary
Isibikezelo samanje sicishe sibe ngamathani angu-70,000. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo ezinkulisa kuqale ngesonto eledlule.
I-Iran
Ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kusalokhu, futhi ukuxhumana kunzima. I-Iran ivimbele okwesikhashana ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo katamatisi netamatisi. Kuzohlinzekwa izibuyekezo ezengeziwe njengoba ulwazi lutholakala.
I-Italy
Ukutholakala kwamanzi sekukonke enyakatho ye-Italy kwanele (ubusika obumanzi), futhi ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kusesimweni esihle. Isibikezelo sisesezingeni elashicilelwa ngoFebhuwari (amathani ayizigidi ezintathu).
Izingxoxo phakathi kwabaprosesa kanye nezinhlangano zabalimi mayelana nomthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nezimo zomnotho zibhekane nochungechunge lokulibaziseka kanye nobunzima ngenxa yezindleko zamandla eziguquguqukayo, ezingathinti nje kuphela uphethiloli wemisebenzi yezolimo kodwa futhi nezindleko zokufaka okuhlanganisa nomanyolo we-nitrogen. Izingxoxo zagcina ziphothulwe ngoLwesihlanu, mhla zingama-27 kuNdasa, ngentengo ejwayelekile yokulethwa kwensimu engu-€137/mt, okuhlanganisa amaphrimiyamu okulethwa sekwephuzile kanye nezimali zesevisi.
Izimo enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Italy zingcono kunonyaka odlule, njengoba kunamanzi anele ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, iDamu lase-Occhito, nakuba lithuthukisiwe, alikaxazululi ngokuphelele ukushoda kwamanzi.
Njengokujwayelekile, izinhlangano zabaprosesa kanye nabalimi ezifundeni eziphakathi/eziseningizimu zizolinda ukuthi amanani asenyakatho aqedwe ngaphambi kokuqala izingxoxo zazo.
Ukungezwani kwamazwe ngamazwe okuhlobene neStrait of Hormuz kuphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngezindleko zikadizili nomanyolo, okudala izinkinga ezinkulu zezingxoxo.
Isibikezelo sibuyekezwe saba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.8 e-Italy ephakathi/eningizimu, okwenza inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo okulindelekile lifinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.8 kuzwelonke.
IPortugal
IPortugal ithintwe yiziphepho eziningi, kanye nezikhukhula ezisabalele ezindaweni ezitshala utamatisi. Eminye imingcele yamasimu eceleni koMfula iTagus yonakele, okuholele ekutheni kube nomhlaba ogcwele amanzi. Isimo sezulu esihle sasentwasahlobo sisiza izindawo ezisele zigcwele amanzi. Ukutshala kabusha kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ngomhlaka-6 Ephreli.
Ngakho-ke kuqikelelwa ukuthi amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.3. Amanani esizini abikwa kwabezindaba cishe angama-€106–107/mt (ukulethwa ensimini).
ISerbia
Izimo kuze kube manje zinhle. Uma isivuno sifinyelela ezingeni lesizini edlule elingaba ama-metric tons angu-90 ngehektha, umthamo wokucubungula kulindeleke ukuthi ube ama-metric tons angu-57,000.
ISpain
Imvula eningi yasebusika igcwalise amachibi e-Andalusia nase-Extremadura, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuhle eminyakeni emine ezayo. Isimo sezulu okwamanje silungile; ukutshala kwaqala ngesonto eledlule e-Andalusia futhi kuzoqala ngesonto elizayo e-Extremadura.
Amanani avunyelwene ngawo angaba ngu-€107/mt (ukulethwa ensimini) noma u-€115/mt (ukulethwa efektri). Kodwa-ke, abanye abalimi manje bacela amanani aphezulu ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zamandla nomanyolo. Isibikezelo sikhuphuke safinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.75.
iTunisia
Akukho ukubikezela kokucubungula kwesizini okutholakalayo okwamanje. Idatha etholakalayo kuphela indawo ehleliwe yokutshala, elinganiselwa cishe kumahektha ayi-15,300.
igalikuni
Ngokusekelwe olwazini oluqoqwe, indawo etshaliwe ingase yehle kancane eningizimu ngenkathi ihlala izinzile noma ikhule kancane esifundeni saseBursa. Isimo sezulu besimanzi ngesonto eledlule futhi kulindeleke imvula eningi ngesonto elizayo, ngakho-ke ukutshala kuzothatha isikhathi esincane kunokujwayelekile.
Amasheya omkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi i-tomato paste ekheniwe) ahlala, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehlile ngenxa yamazinga okushintshaniswa angemahle. Kulindeleke ukuthi umkhiqizo ukhiqizwe phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.4 nezingu-2.5.
Akukho datha yentengo yomphakathi etholakalayo, kodwa amanani enkontileka acishe abe yi-TRY 525/mt (alethwa efektri), alingana no-€100. Abalimi bafuna amanani aphezulu ngenxa yezindleko ezikhuphukile; ngaphandle kwalokho, bangase banciphise ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo, okuzothinta isivuno.
I-Ukraine
Amasimu alungisiwe, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwezitshalo kuqalile ngesikhathi esibekiwe, futhi ukufakelwa izitshalo kuhlelwe ukuphela kuka-Ephreli. Izimpahla zomanyolo zanele kodwa amanani abhekwa njengangafanele, futhi amanani kagesi nawo akhuphukile. Isibikezelo singase sibuyekezwe sehle ngoMeyi ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zensimu. Izikhundla zangaphambili azikashintshi kusukela onyakeni owodwa odlule.
Amanye Amazwe AseNyakatho Yezwe
I-California
Ukutshala izitshalo zakuqala kwesizini kwaqala ngoFebhuwari ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezifanele. UMashi ulethe amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwavamile, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo emasimini asetshaliwe kakade. Amazinga okushisa afudumele nawo abangele ukumiswa okwesikhashana kweminye imisebenzi yokutshala, kodwa azikho izinkinga ezinkulu ezilindelekile ngalesi sikhathi.
Imvula etholwe kulo nyaka ingaphansi kwalokho obekulindelwe ebusika bangaphambilini, okuzonciphisa ukwabiwa kwamanzi kwezinye izingxenye zesifundazwe. Njengoba indawo etshaliwe isivele inciphile kule sizini, ukwabiwa kwamanzi okuncishisiwe ngeke kuthinte indawo yangempela etshaliwe kulo mkhankaso wamanje.
Izingxoxo zamanani zisaqhubeka.
I-Canada
Izinhloso zokuqala zenkontileka ka-2026 zingamathani amafushane angu-586,000 (cishe amathani angu-532,000). Isimo sezulu esivamile sasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo siye sanda emasontweni ambalwa edlule, okuhlanganisa nezikhathi ezifudumele nezibandayo ezishintshashintshayo, isibhakabhaka esinamafu, imvula engapheli, iqhwa elimanzi ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nobusuku obuningana obunamazinga okushisa angaphansi kweqhwa. Ukutshala kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noMeyi.
IShayina
Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, indawo etshaliwe yokucubungula utamatisi ingamahekthare angama-50,670. Ukukhiqizwa kulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.92. Ukwehla kokubuyekezwa kungenxa yombono wabalimi oqaphile mayelana nombono wemakethe kanye nomdlandla ophansi wokutshala.
I-Japan
Ukutshala kuzoqala ngezigaba kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi, kusukela esifundeni saseTokai. Isibikezelo asikashintshi: Kutshalwe amahektha angu-400, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomthamo wamathani angu-24,000.
Amazwe AseNingizimu Yezwe
I-Argentina
Umkhankaso wokucubungula utamatisi ka-2026 e-Argentina uvune cishe u-75% wendawo etshaliwe, ungena esontweni lawo le-13 lokuvuna. Indawo etshaliwe ilinganiselwa kumahektha angu-5,120. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuvuna (ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso seminyaka eminingi), umkhiqizo ophelele kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele cishe amathani angu-425,000.
Ukulindela isivuno kuhlala kuqinile futhi kuzinzile, kusekelwa ukusebenza okuqinile ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Tomate 2000, oluye lwanciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela wezichotho zakamuva. Isivuno samanje singaphezu kuka-10-15% ngesizini edlule, okubonisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ngo-2025. Isimo sesivuno sisonke sihle, futhi ikhwalithi yezithelo iye yanelisa kakhulu kuze kube manje.
Izimo zezulu kulesi sikhathi sonyaka bezilokhu zizinzile: zifudumele, zomile, zinomoya, futhi zinemvula encane. Kodwa-ke, isichotho esinamandla sihlasele indawo yaseVilla Aberastain eSifundazweni saseSan Juan maphakathi noJanuwari, sathinta indawo enkulu ngokungavamile engamahektha angaba ngu-400, enomonakalo osukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu.
Ukuvuna kwaqala maphakathi noDisemba futhi kuqhubeke njalo. Nakuba kushesha cishe emavikini 5 no-8, kusukela lapho kubuyele esilinganisweni esijwayelekile. Ukuvuna kusesesikhathini futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuphele ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, kuye ngokuthi kuhlelwe kanjani embonini kanye nezimo zensimu ezisele.
Ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Tomate 2000, olunengxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo kazwelonke, intuthuko iyaqhubeka kancane: ama-76% endawo elungisiwe avuniwe (amahektha angu-2,160 kumahektha angu-2,842 esewonke). Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kohlelo okulindelwe cishe kungamathani angu-293,228, lapho kutholakale khona amathani angu-229,535, okushiye cishe amathani angu-63,700 asele.
Isilinganiso sesivuno esivela emasimini avuniwe njengamanje silinganiselwa ku-106 metric tons ngehektha ngalinye, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kule sizini.
Isabelo somkhiqizo kazwelonke wohlelo lwe-Tomate 2000 siyaqhubeka nokwenyuka, manje simele cishe u-68-69% womkhiqizo olindelekile. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa kakhulu yimiphumela emihle ezindaweni eziqashwe, lapho isivuno siphezulu futhi sizinzile, sihlala singaphezu kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Ngakho-ke lolu hlelo ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni izinga lokukhiqiza lase-Argentina.
Umehluko ocacile wesifunda ukhona ngaphakathi kohlelo.
Esifundeni saseSan Juan, indawo evuthwa kusenesikhathi, intuthuko yesivuno ithuthuke kakhulu: 86% wendawo evunwayo, kusele u-14% kuphela. Isivuno esivuniwe sinamandla, silinganiselwa cishe ku-111 metric tons ngehektha ngalinye, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, isifunda saseMendoza, indawo ekhula kamuva enezimo zezulu ezipholile, sivune u-54% wendawo, kanti kusele u-46%, okumelela iningi lesivuno esivelele. Naphezu kwentuthuko ehamba kancane, isivuno esivuniwe sinamandla cishe ku-91 metric tons ngehektha ngalinye, okubonisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezingafanele.
I-Australia
Ukuvuna kuzwelonke sekucishe kuqedwe kodwa kuye kwehla ngenxa yemvula esakazekile. Ukulethwa okuhlanganisiwe kuze kube manje kungamathani angaba ngu-138,000, kanti umkhiqizo ophelele kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele cishe kumathani angu-157,000, uma kuqhathaniswa nokubikezela kwangaphambilini. Ukucubungula kulindeleke ukuthi kuphele ngokushesha ngemva kwePhasika.
IBrazil
Isibikezelo samanje singamathani ayi-1,467,000 kusukela kumahektha ayi-15,150.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lweRabobank lwango-2025, ukungezwani e-Iran kungathinta imakethe kamanyolo, ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-nitrogen. Ucwaningo luphawula ukuthi cishe u-45% wokuthunyelwa kwe-urea emhlabeni wonke, u-25% we-ammonia, u-20% we-DAP, u-10% we-MAP, kanye cishe no-30% wesulfure kuthunyelwa ngemizila ehlobene nePersian Gulf. Amanani kadizili wezolimo asevele enyuke ngo-60% ngesonto elilodwa.
I-Chile
Imvula enkulu ithinte izindawo ezahlukahlukene ezikhiqiza utamatisi maphakathi noMashi, kanti ezinye izindawo ziqophe ngaphezu kwe-100 mm emahoreni angama-24 ngoMashi 16. Zonke izimboni zisebenze ngesonto eledlule kodwa zinomthamo ophansi. Ukuhlolwa okugcwele komonakalo wemvula akukatholakali okwamanje, ngakho-ke isibikezelo sihlala singu-1.3 million metric tonnes.
E-New Zealand
Umthamo wokucubungula utamatisi wehlile kulo nyaka ngenxa yohlu oluphezulu lwe-tomato paste oluphethwe yiprosesa esele kuphela, uHeinz Watties. Ukugxila kushintshele emikhiqizweni ekheniwe, ngakho-ke ifektri izocubungula amathani angu-15,000 kuphela, kusukela kumathani angu-37,000 ngo-2025.
Iningizimu Afrika
Izindawo zokukhiqiza zasehlobo zibhekene nesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu okudiliva kwezitshalo zasehlobo atholiwe, kanti isilinganiso se-Brix esingu-5.8 silindeleke ukuthi siphele ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukulethwa ngesikhathi okwamanje kumelela u-25% wenani eliphelele lokucubungula eNingizimu Afrika.
Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza zasebusika zesifundazwe saseLimpopo enyakatho, kubikwe ukuthi kunezikhukhula. Ukutshala kabusha kufanele kuqedwe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukulethwa kwezitshalo ebusika kuhlelwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2026